Gravity is Particle Occlusion

Karl Lilje, 2016

Gravity is a phenomenon caused by the occlusion of particles between atoms.

There are fewer particles between atoms than outside the couplet, resulting in a relative particle vacuum between atoms. Particles push the atoms together.


This page will illustrate and demonstate WHY gravity works, and propose ideas and applications on particle occluders that can increase the velocity maxima of suborbital, superorbital, and interstellar vehicles.

Particle occlusion has implications for material research, gravitational research, and electrical design.


I am predicting a new class of emergent materials - active materials - superalloys of superconducting metals and electric charges to manipulate particle occlusion phenomena in realtime.

An active particle occluder material has zero apparent mass.


Photons are Assymetrical

Karl Lilje, 2020

Photons are assymetrical, their spin creates wave pertubations in the particle field. All photons spin at the maximum rate, but different shapes create different colors.

Magnets are One-Way Partical Filters

Karl Lilje, 2021

Magnetic fields are caused by particles pushing through metal crystal platelets

Towards Higher Speed Travel

Karl Lilje, 2018

People often say "It is not possible to travel faster than the speed of light", which is only half true.

The statement can be better phrased as a question - "What is stopping us from traveling faster than the speed of light?"

Long before you reach lightspeed, your spacecraft will be ground to hot dust by particles, the cosmic sandblaster. In space, resistance to particles is defined as mass, so your craft's effective density increases until it can no longer accelerate. The maxima is in fact 50% the speed of light, limited by particle friction and compaction. In theory it is possible to move the particles out the way, creating a "portable wormhole" ahead of the craft. It will require enormous advancements in electromechanical engineering, but there is no reason it can not be done.

Moving particles out the way ahead of a craft will likely reduce the density in the propellant direction, reducing speed. So particles need to be channeled outside the surface of the craft where they can form as somethign to push against

Efficient rockets do not have a smooth continuous flame, instead they make a characteristic "pop pop pop" as they create compression disks the rocket pushes against, a type of Jacob's ladder. The rocket is not pushing against the air, it is pushing against the compression disks it creates.

The Theory of Normalization

Karl Lilje, 2009

All systems, biological and physical, tend to the average.

What does the salt in your food and gravity have in common? Given time they all normalize, balancing forces or reactions until they achieve a stable state.

Entropy is not chaos, far from it, it is the normalized motion of particles, the stable state of the universe.